Identification of the minimum regulatory region of a Myxococcus xanthus A-signal-dependent developmental gene.

Developmental expression of the Myxococcus xanthus gene 4521 requires extracellular A-signal. This signal is generated in response to nutrient limitation and functions in cell density sensing. To identify the upstream limit of the minimum region required in vivo for A-signal-dependent 4521 expression, a 5' deletion analysis of the 4521 regulatory region was performed. A new vector, pHBK280, was designed to facilitate this analysis. This vector creates tandem copies of the 4521 gene in the M. xanthus chromosome, such that the regulatory region to be tested is upstream of a single copy of the lacZ reporter gene. The 5' deletion analysis revealed that at most, 146 bp of DNA upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) was required for full developmental expression of 4521. Basal expression levels were observed with constructions containing 90 bp of DNA upstream of the TSS. In vitro gel retardation assays revealed that DNA fragments with 5' ends of 146 and 125 bp upstream of the TSS and a common 3' end of +24 bp were retarded in their mobility after incubation with all of the M. xanthus developmental crude cell extracts tested. In contrast, a fragment starting at 90 bp upstream of the TSS and ending at +24 bp was not retarded in its mobility after incubation with the same cell extracts. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that cis-acting elements located between 146 and 90 bp upstream of the TSS serve as binding sites for one or more trans-acting regulatory factors required for 4521 developmental expression.