Effects of different irrigation liquids and times on articular cartilage: an experimental, biomechanical study.

To characterize the suitability of different solutions [6% Dextran, 5% sorbitol (I); 5% fructose (II); 5% mannitol (III); Ringer's solution (IV)] for arthroscopy, bovine knee articular cartilage specimens (n = 52) were immersed for 0, 2, 4, or 20 h before indentation creep testing, known as a sensitive probe for tissue degeneration. Immersion in liquid I for up to 20 h produced significant softening of articular cartilage [p < 0.05, Friedman two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. Liquids II-III produced no statistically significant changes in the deformational characteristics of articular cartilage. After 2 h of immersion in liquid IV deformation increased and remained elevated over the observation period (p < 0.05, Friedman two-way ANOVA). Based on these results, the first and most remarkable softening of cartilage took place with Ringer's solution as compared with nonionic solutions. Therefore, the nonionic solutions, such as 5% fructose or mannitol, may have potential for use as an irrigation liquid during arthroscopic procedures.