General occurrence and transcription of intervening sequences in mouse genes expressed via polyadenylated mRNA.

cDNA of modal size approximately 1600 nucleotides, transcribed from mouse brain polyadenylated mRNA, was annealed with excess of high molecular weight (approximately kb) genomic DNA. The S1 nuclease method was then applied to determine possible sequence discontinuity between the cDNA and genomic DNA. A substantial reduction in the average size of the annealed cDNA was observed following S1 nuclease treatment. Large single copy genomic DNA, annealed with excess high molecular weight DNA, and cDNA, hybridized with its template mRNA, were resistant to cleavage by S1 nuclease. We interpret these results to indicate a high frequency of discontinuous coding sequences in the genomic DNA that annealed with the cDNA. The same result was obtained using fractionated cDNA, enriched in transcripts of relatively infrequent or abundant mRNA species. The result obtained with the infrequent sequence class cDNA indicates that tens of thousands of split genes exist in the mouse genome. Extensive cleavage of the cDNA by S1 nuclease was also observed after hybridization with greater than 30S nuclear RNA, indicating that intervening sequences are generally transcribed.