Non-organic gastrointestinal illness: a medical and psychiatric study.

One hundred consecutive referrals to a general medical out-patient clinic were evaluated psychiatrically under blind conditions in order to investigate the nature and occurrence of non-organic disease presenting as gastrointestinal illness. Twenty-eight patients had marked psychiatric illness with or without physical illness, and there was an association between psychiatric illness and the absence of organic disease, as determined by outcome at follow-up of 4-11 months. Patients with obsessional traits were more at risk of non-organic illness. Historical items indicating a likelihood of non-organic gastrointestinal illness included "nerves", "depression", unhappy childhood, early parental loss and early separations from parents during childhood. Psychiatric illness often persisted after treatment for physical symptoms. Some of the techniques used in this study to identify psychiatric illness could be usefully employed in everyday practice.