Influence of partially hydrogenated vegetable and marine oils on lipid metabolism in rat liver and heart.

Partially hydrogenated marine oils containing 18:1-, 20:1- and 22:1-isomers and partially hydrogenated peanut oil containing 18:1-isomers were fed as 24-28 wt% of the diet with or without supplement of linoleic acid. Reference groups were fed peanut, soybean, or rapeseed oils with low or high erucic acid content. Dietary monoene isomers reduced the conversion of linoleic acid into arachidonic acid and the deposition of the latter in liver and heart phosphatidylcholine. This effect was more pronounced for the partially hydrogenated marine oils than for the partially hydrogenated peanut oil. The content of trans fatty acids in liver phospholipids was similar in groups fed partially hydrogenated fats. The distribution of various phospholipids in heart and liver was unaffected by the dietary fat. The decrease in deposition of arachidonic acid in rats fed partially hydrogenated marine oils was shown in vitro to be a consequence of lower delta 6-desaturase activity rather than an increase in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of arachidonic acid. The lower amounts of arachidonic acid deposited may be a result of competition in the delta 6-desaturation not only from the C22- and C20-monoenoic fatty acids originally present in the partially hydrogenated marine oil, but also from C18- and C16-monoenes produced by peroxisomal beta-oxidation of the long-chain fatty acids.