Cigarette smoking and voice fundamental frequency.

The effects of long-term cigarette smoking were examined in a series of phonatory tasks. The results indicated that a significant difference existed between the fundamental frequency of the male smokers and the male nonsmokers in the oral reading and spontaneous speech tasks. Differences between the fo values of the female smokers and nonsmokers in these tasks were not significant, but the same trends were notes. Results of the fo analysis of the sustained vowel phonations were not significant, but showed the same trend; that is, the smokers had lower fundamental frequency values than the nonsmokers.