Defne Abur1, Megan K MacPherson2, Adrianna C Shembel3, Cara E Stepp4. 1. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA. 2. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI. Electronic address: macph1mk@cmich.edu. 3. NYU Langone Health, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University, New York, NY. 4. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among cognitive loading, autonomic arousal, and acoustic measures of voice in healthy older adults. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective and observational. METHODS: Twelve healthy older adults (six females) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. Three physiologic measures of autonomic arousal (pulse volume amplitude, pulse period, and skin conductance response amplitude) and four acoustic measures of voice (cepstral peak prominence, low-to-high spectral energy ratio, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level) were analyzed in each cognitive load condition. RESULTS: A logistic regression model was used to predict the cognitive load condition using participant as a categorical predictor and the four acoustic measures and three autonomic measures as continuous predictors. Skin conductance response amplitude and pulse volume amplitude were both predictive of cognitive load; however, no acoustic measures of voice were statistically significant predictors of cognitive load for older adults. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the idea that increased cognitive load is associated with increased autonomic nervous system activity in older adults. The lack of changes in acoustic measures of voice with increased cognitive load may result from age-related changes in vocal quality and speech subsystems.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among cognitive loading, autonomic arousal, and acoustic measures of voice in healthy older adults. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective and observational. METHODS: Twelve healthy older adults (six females) produced a sentence containing an embedded Stroop task in each of two cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. Three physiologic measures of autonomic arousal (pulse volume amplitude, pulse period, and skin conductance response amplitude) and four acoustic measures of voice (cepstral peak prominence, low-to-high spectral energy ratio, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level) were analyzed in each cognitive load condition. RESULTS: A logistic regression model was used to predict the cognitive load condition using participant as a categorical predictor and the four acoustic measures and three autonomic measures as continuous predictors. Skin conductance response amplitude and pulse volume amplitude were both predictive of cognitive load; however, no acoustic measures of voice were statistically significant predictors of cognitive load for older adults. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the idea that increased cognitive load is associated with increased autonomic nervous system activity in older adults. The lack of changes in acoustic measures of voice with increased cognitive load may result from age-related changes in vocal quality and speech subsystems.