Auricular malignant neoplasms. Identification of high-risk lesions and selection of method of reconstruction.

A prospective study of 17 auricular malignant neoplasms was conducted comparing recommended margins for conventional surgical excision to the actual margins obtained after microscopically controlled excision (Mohs' chemosurgery technique) to identify lesions at high risk for inadequate excision with conventional excision. High-risk lesions included all tumors larger than 1 cm, morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, and multiply recurrent lesions of any size. Successful excision by conventional surgery would have resulted in a defect notably larger than the actual Mohs' defect in all cases. The excess tissue excised by conventional surgery averaged 180% larger than the actual defect in primary lesions and 347% larger in recurrent lesions. Methods of reconstruction used include the following: secondary intention (granulation), primary closure, skin grafts, local flaps, and meatoplasty. The incidence, indications, and usual results obtained are discussed in detail. Mohs' chemosurgery technique provides substantial benefit and should be considered in all recurrent lesions and primary lesions larger than 1 cm to reduce recurrence and minimize the resultant deformity.