Cancer as crisis: the critical elements of adjustment.

This study examined the course and duration of the crisis inherent in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in women. Three groups of female patients, breast cancer, gynecological cancer, and breast biopsy patients, were compared on the variables of depression and body image. The women were assessed prior to surgery and at one- and two-month intervals in order to determine whether their crises had been resolved within the normal six-month framework. An additional follow-up was made after 20 months to evaluate any long-term effects of the diagnosis of cancer or its treatment. Results of the study revealed that only breast biopsy and mastectomy patients adapted appropriately and were able to resolve their crises. In examining the gynecological cancer patients, initial feelings of depression and body image continued to worsen even at 20 months following surgery. Implications for nursing practice are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.