Retinoblastoma mutation rate in New Zealand and support for the two-hit model.

Age-specific incidence rates for 96 New Zealand patients with sporadic retinoblastoma peaked earlier for bilateral patients than for unilateral patients. The cumulative log survival until diagnosis for bilateral and unilateral patients followed linear and quadratic curves respectively, and supported the two-hit hypothesis for retinoblastoma. The germ cell mutation rate for retinoblastoma, assuming a single major gene, was calculated to be in the order of 9.3 X 10(-6) to 10.9 X 10(-6) for the New Zealand population.