Detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

The option of early detection and diagnosis for the control of colorectal cancer, is discussed. Secondary prevention--the early detection, identification, and removal of premalignant lesions prior to the devastating and often fatal consequences of the disease--is recommended as an approach to symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. This study outlines the risk factors for susceptibility to colorectal cancer and reviews the potential benefits of screening asymptomatic patients by proctosigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood testing. It is recommended that patients at risk be encouraged to enter the health care system.