Penetration of acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone.

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the "cells" within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration. It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.