Interrelations between the maturation of a 100 kDa nucleolar protein and pre rRNA synthesis in CHO cells.

The synthesis of preribosomal RNA is inhibited "in vivo" and "in vitro" by the protease inhibitor leupeptin. "In vivo" leupeptin decreases by 74% the incorporation of labeled uridine into 45S pre rRNA while the synthesis of other RNA species is only slightly decreased. "In vitro", the elongation of already initiated pre rRNA chains that is achieved by incubation of isolated nucleoli is blocked by leupeptin. On the other hand, "in vitro" leupeptin has no direct effect on RNA polymerase I, tested in a nonspecific transcriptional system with Calf thymus DNA as template and in run off experiments with a cloned DNA containing the initiation site of the rDNA gene. A 100 kDa nucleolar protein which has been shown to be endoproteolytic cleaved "in vivo" (1) acts as an inhibitor of rDNA transcription in presence of leupeptin but produces little effect on the nonspecific transcription. In absence of the drug, the 100 kDa protein is processed in specific peptides which appeared to be similar to the "in vivo" maturation products. The possible role of the 100 kDa maturation process in the regulation of rDNA transcription is discussed.