Comparison of prometaphase chromosome techniques with emphasis on the role of colcemid.

Six different techniques were evaluated to define better those technical factors that are most critical for obtaining prometaphase cells for banding analysis. Our results demonstrate: colcemid exposures of 30 min or less have no effect on increasing the yield of prometaphase cells, colcemid exposures of greater than 0.1 microgram/ml can be toxic, methotrexate depresses the mitotic index significantly and seems to increase the incidence of prometaphase cells only because it suppresses later forms; and (d) the optimum number of cytogenetically satisfactory prometaphase cells can be obtained with a 4-h exposure to a combination of low concentration actinomycin D (0.5 microgram/ml) and colcemid (0.1 microgram/ml). This technique inhibits chromosome condensation while permitting prometaphase cells to accumulate for 4 h.