Pressure effects on the photocycle of purple membrane.

We studied the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the kinetics of the photocycle of purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium. The data were interpreted in terms of a unidirectional and unbranched model. We found that all of the distinct processes of the photocycle are retarded by pressure, with the earlier, fast processes showing less sensitivity to pressure than the later, slow processes. The qualitative similarity of these results with the effects of solvent viscosity on the photocycle kinetics suggests that the primary effects of pressure on the kinetics are via the intrinsic viscosity of the membrane and not via activation volumes. There is a strong quantitative correlation between the pressure effects and the solvent viscosity effects, further supporting this interpretation. We observed a monotonic decrease in the positive absorbance change signal at 640 nm near the end of the photocycle as the pressure is increased. This signal is usually ascribed to the O intermediate, and we interpreted our finding, along with evidence from other experiments, to mean that an ionizable group or groups, such as carboxylic acids, are undissociated and uncharged in O.