The effect of cyclic and constant ambient temperatures on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, and shell thickness of hens.

Groups of 18 hens, 230 days of age, were housed in each of three climatic chambers with light schedules of 14L:10D. One was maintained at a constant temperature of 23.9 C, the second was cycled between 15.6 and 37.7 C (mean, 26.7 C), and the third was cycled between 21.1 and 37.7 C (mean, 29.4 C). In Experiment 1, the high temperature peaked during the dark period at 0200 hr and in Experiment 2, the high temperature peak was at 1400 hr during the light period. The birds had free access to a commercial breeder feed in these two experiments. The results from three 2-week observation periods indicated no significant differences in percent hen-day production, grams of feed per gram of egg mass, or overall body weight change but feed intake per day, egg weight, and shell thickness were significantly reduced by mean temperatures of 26.7 and 29.4 C in cycling chambers. The pair-feeding of birds in the 23.9 C constant chamber compared with those in the cycling 29.4 C chamber resulted in production of significantly heavier eggs with thicker shells without significantly influencing any of the other parameters. The reductions in egg weight and shell thickness observed at cyclic temperatures were not simply a result of a reduction in nutrient intake at high temperatures but also the direct effect of heat stress on the hens. In the 23.9 C constant temperature chambers, a reduction in AME of the feed for the hens fed ad libitum was observed but not for hens pair-fed to hens in the 29.4 C cyclic chamber.