Alterations in phospholipid polymorphism by polyethylene glycol.

The fusogen polyethylene glycol is shown to alter the polymorphism of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, soybean phosphatidylethanolamine, bovine phosphatidylserine, egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture, dilinoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/palmitoyl-oleoylphosphatidy lcholine mixture, and egg lysolecithin. Suspension of these lipids in 50% polyethylene glycol (mol wt = 6000) reduces both the lamellar and the hexagonal II repeat spacings as measured by X-ray diffraction. An increase in the gel to liquid crystalline and bilayer to hexagonal transition temperatures are observed by freeze-fracture, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and 31P NMR. Freeze-fracture electron micrographs revealed different bilayer defects depending on the physical states of the lipid. Lipidic particles in mixtures containing unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine is eliminated. Some of the influences of polyethylene glycol on lipids may be explained by its dehydrating effect. However, other nonfusogenic dehydrating agents failed to produce similar results. These findings are consistent with the proposal that close bilayer contact and the formation of bilayer defects are associated with the fusogenic properties of polyethylene glycol.