Wheelchair exercise performance of the young, middle-aged, and elderly.

The purpose of this study was to quantitate the maximal power output (POmax), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) for wheelchair ergometer (WERG) exercise performed by three groups of disabled males: young adult (20-30 yr), middle-aged (50-60 yr), and elderly (80-90 yr). These subjects, who were confined to wheelchairs for similar time periods (mean = 11.7 yr), participated in progressive-intensity discontinuous test protocols on a WERG. Lower (P less than 0.01) mean POmax, peak VO2, and HRmax values were found with advancing age groups. In relationship to age, decreases in POmax and HRmax values were best described by parabolic models, whereas decreases in peak VO2 values were best described by a linear model. In comparison with young adults (83 W, 27 ml . kg-1 . min-1), surprisingly low POmax and peak VO2 values were found for the middle-aged (16 W, 10 ml . kg-1 . min-1) and elderly (7 W, 8 ml . kg-1 . min-1). When our peak VO2 data were combined with other data in the literature for upper body exercise by male disabled individuals, a decrease of 0.19 1 . min-1 or 2.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1 per decade of life was found.