Use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen.

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAb 53, MAb D7) were produced, each having specificity for Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), but exhibiting no inhibitory effect on either procoagulant activity or the ability of von Willebrand factor to agglutinate platelets in the presence of the antibiotic ristocetin. For quantification of FVIIIR:Ag, we used the antibodies in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binding of either of the MAb's to solid-phase antigen was inhibited by free FVIIIR:Ag in the test sample. Dose-response curves for the reference standards were consistently linear (r2 greater than 0.990) and reproducible. The normal range of FVIIIR:Ag detected in plasma (normal defined as 1000 units/L) was similar to that reported for polyclonal heterologous antibodies in similar ELISA or immunoradiometric (IRMA) systems, and the assay was sensitive to 10 units of FVIIIR:Ag per liter. Inter- and intra-assay precision was good, coefficients of variation being less than 11%. Studies on patients showed good correlations between values measured by MAb ELISAS and IRMA (polyclonal rabbit antibody) over FVIIIR:Ag concentrations ranging from less than 10 to 2700 units/L (r = 0.971, p less than 0.001 for MAb 53; r = 0.938, p less than 0.001 for MAb D7). Both ELISAS could be used to quantify FVIIIR:Ag in other mammalian species. The assay is inexpensive and simple, and all reagents required for it are commercially available.