One hundred pancreas transplants at a single institution.

Clinical pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota began in 1966. An initial series of 14 whole pancreas grafts was reported in part to the American Surgical Association in 1970. Only one patient survived for more than 1 year with a functioning graft. Twenty attempts at islet allotransplantation in the mid-1970s were unsuccessful. In 1978 we resumed performing pancreas transplants by the segmental technique, allowing the use of related donors. The current series (July 25, 1978 to December 20, 1983) includes 86 pancreas transplants (51 cadaver, 35 related) in 75 patients (41 with and 34 without previous kidney grafts). Variations in management of the pancreatic duct include three ligated, 15 duct-open, 39 duct-injected, and 29 pancreaticojejunostomies. The latter technique is currently preferred. Currently (April 1984) 61 patients are alive (81%), 24 have functioning grafts (32%), and 21 are insulin-independent (28%), three with open-duct grafts for 4.4 to 5.7 years, seven with silicone-injected grafts from 10 to 39 months, and 14 with pancreaticojejunostomies for 3 to 31 months; 15 of the grafts have functioned for greater than 1 year. Twenty-two of the grafts (25%) failed for technical reasons (thrombosis, infection, or ascites); 35 grafts functioned for 1 to 13 months before totally failing from either rejection, fibrosis, or recurrent disease; five patients died with functioning grafts. The graft survival rate has been higher for pancreases from related (15/35, 43% functioning) than from cadaver (9/51, 18% functioning) donors. The success rate has increased, e.g., 11/22 recipients of pancreas transplants in 1983 currently have functioning grafts (50%). Metabolic studies show most patients with functioning grafts to be euglycemic; however, three of 24 have chronic hyperglycemia unless supplemented with insulin, but they are no longer ketosis-prone. Glucose tolerance test results are normal or nearly normal in 12 and abnormal in 12 of the recipients with currently functioning grafts. Regression of diabetic nephropathy has been documented in two long-term recipients. Pancreas transplantation is currently applicable as treatment for selected diabetics who have demonstrated their propensity to develop serious secondary complications.