Regulation of mating-type information in yeast. Negative control requiring sequences both 5' and 3' to the regulated region.

The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three complete copies of the genetic information governing cell mating type. Normally, only the information in one of the copies (the MAT locus) is expressed; the other two copies (HML and HMR) are repressed and serve as donors of mating-type sequences that can be transposed to MAT in cells capable of switching mating type. We have mutagenized the silent HMR locus and have found that the repression of this locus requires two sites, one lying on each side of the mating-type sequences at HMR. The regulatory sites are positioned outside of the sequences that are included in the pair of divergent transcripts coded for by HMR, and lie about 1000 base-pairs to either side of the central promoter region of the locus. Deletion of one of the regulatory sites results phenotypically in complete loss of repression, whereas deletion of the other site gives only partial loss of control. Both of the sites are associated with an autonomous replication activity, though the relationship between this activity and the process of repression is unclear.