Hybridoma antibody-based competitive ELISA in Schistosoma japonicum infection.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed and compared with the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica using Philippine sera. The assay is based on the inhibition, by sera, of the binding of a penicillinase-conjugated hybridoma-derived antibody, I. 134, to a crude Schistosoma japonicum adult worm extract. A change in pH subsequent to addition of the substrate is used as the indicator system. Development of the color change in this assay is relatively slow, a fact which presumably facilitates detection of inhibition by serum. Relative to the COPT, no false positive reactions were obtained and the false negative rate was less than 10%. A wide range of inhibitory titers was obtained using sera in the competitive ELISA similar to that found in a competitive radioimmunoassay using 125I-labeled I. 134. The competitive ELISA will be of more general application for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica than the competitive RIA using hybridoma antibodies, and will provide more precise quantitative information than is obtainable in the COPT.