Caulobacter crescentus cell envelope: effect of growth conditions on murein and outer membrane protein composition.

The murein and membrane protein compositions of Caulobacter crescentus strains CB13B1a and CB15 have been characterized, and the influence on cell envelope constituents of culture conditions which affect morphogenesis have been studied. Amino acid and sugar analysis of murein sacculi revealed a simple A1gamma murein configuration typical of gram-negative bacteria. The membranes of C. crescentus had low levels of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate relative to enteric bacteria, in addition to the absence of lipid A components (Shapiro et al., Science 173:884-892, 1971; Chow and Schmidt, J. Gen. Microbiol, 83:369-373, 1974). Nevertheless, C. crescentus membranes could be fractionated into inner and outer membrane components by sucrose density gradient centrifugation procedures developed for Escherichia coli. The proteins of the outer membrane were distributed between three major (I, II, and III) and two minor (IV and V) protein classes. Class I proteins were greater than or equal to 74,000 daltons and constituted the primary proteins of the outer membrane. Class I proteins were separated into approximately 50 polypeptides by two dimensional gel electrophoresis; the protein composition of thi s class was affected by culture conditions in both CB13B1a and CB15. Class II (47,000 to 39,000 daltons) and III (20,000 to 11,500 daltons) proteins differed in each strain in composition and response to culture conditions.