Pharmacology of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite in renal and hepatic disease.

The pharmacology of cefotaxime and the metabolite desacetyl cefotaxime was studied in 40 patients with various degrees of renal and hepatic failure who received 0.5 or 1 g of cefotaxime intravenously. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance, 3 to 10 ml/min) had a cefotaxime serum half-life of 2.6 h and desacetyl cefotaxime serum half-life of 10.0 h. The equivalent figures were 1.0 and 1.5 h, respectively, in subjects with normal renal function. The presence of an acute coexisting illness together with severe renal impairment was associated with a further prolongation of the serum half-lives. Hepatic dysfunction was accompanied by a reduction in desacetyl metabolite formation. A reduction of cefotaxime dosing to 0.5 g twice a day would appear prudent when the creatinine clearance is 5 ml/min or less to avoid accumulation of the parent compound and the metabolite.