Walker Prize Lecture, 1977. Choriocarcinoma: can we afford to cure cancer.

The way the management of patients with trophoblastic tumours has depended on the acquisition of new knowledge and new drugs is demonstrated. Emphasis is put on the ability to detect early disease by biochemical markers and on the ability to define on a multifactorial basis the resistance potential of the tumours. This provides a basis for stratification of treatment and the use of prophylactic chemotherapy to prevent cerebral metastases in certain patients. Although chemotherapy is often intensive and prolonged, there has so far been little evidence of long-term effects and many women have had normal pregnancies subsequently, but the limitations of present data are discussed. The difficulties of matching available resources to society's needs in the cancer field make it necessary to consider whether such treatment is unjustifiably expensive. It is shown that for these tumours early diagnosis not only proves effective in therapeutic terms but provides substantial financial savings. It is suggested that screening programmes for cancer cannot be accepted or rejected on principle. In judging them on their individual merits it is appropriate to anticipate interaction between earlier diagnosis and more effective drug treatment.