Regular firing patterns of suprachiasmatic neurons maintained in vitro.

Cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) recorded in vitro display a characteristic firing pattern. Unlike many other central neurons, they have the ability to fire at a constant low rate with fixed interspike interval. This regularity is most pronounced at firing rates above 3-5 spikes/s. Spontaneous firing below 3 spikes/s was less regular but became increasingly regular as the firing rate was increased. Similarly, regular discharges became irregular when the firing rate was reduced below 3-5 spikes/s. The mean spontaneous firing rate was 5.6 +/- 1.6, range less than 1 to 12 spikes/s and cells were resistant to attempts to increase their rate of firing beyond 15-20 spikes/s. Statistical analysis showed that the firing patterns of all the cells studied formed a single continuous population in terms of their interspike interval distributions, and that these distributions were a function of the firing rate. Addition of either of two commonly used anesthetics, urethane or sodium pentabarbitone, disrupted previously stable, regular activity.