Immunocytochemistry of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones.

The storage sites of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones were identified with the use of electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques and antisera to the beta (beta) chains of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH cells in normal rats is ovoid or angular and contains small granules 60-160 nm in diameter. In TSH cells hypertrophied 45 days after thyroidectomy, staining is in globular patches in granules or diffusely distributed in the expanded profiles of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The gonadotrophs (FSH and LH cells) exhibited three different morphologies. Type I cells are ovoid with a population of large granules and a population of small granules. Staining for FSHbeta or LHbeta was intense and specific only in the large granules (diameter of 400 nm or greater). Type II cells are angular or stellate and contain numerous secretory granules averaging 200-220 nm in diameter. They predominate during stages in the estrous cycle when FSH or LH secretion is high. Type III cells look like adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) cells in that they are stellate with peripherally arranged granules. They generally stain only with anti-FSHbeta and their staining can not be abolished by the addition of 100 ng ACTH. In preliminary quantitative studies of cycling females, we found that on serial sections FSH cells and LH cells show similar shifts to a more angular population of cells during stages of active secretion. However, the shifts are not in phase with one another. Furthermore, there are at least 1.5 times more FSH cells than LH cells at all stages of the cycle. Our collection of serial cells shows that some cells (usually type I or II) stain for both gonadotropic hormones, whereas others (usually type II or III) contain only one.