Topology of chromogranin A and secretogranin II in the rat anterior pituitary: potential marker proteins for distinct secretory pathways in gonadotrophs.

Chromogranins (Cg)/secretogranins (Sg) are representative acidic glycoproteins in secretory granules of many endocrine cells where they are co-stored and co-released with resident amines or peptides. The exact distribution of these proteins in the rat anterior pituitary is unknown. Therefore, pituitaries from untreated male rats were investigated by light- and electron-microscopical immunocytochemistry for the cellular and subcellular localization of CgA, CgB, and SgII. Endocrine cells, identified light-microscopically as gonadotrophs in adjacent semithin sections immunostained for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), concomitantly were immunoreactive for CgA, CgB, and SgII. Ultrastructurally, gonadotrophs exhibited two types of secretory granules which varied in their immunoreactivities for gonadotropins and Cg/Sg. Large-sized (500 nm), moderately electron-dense granules showed antigenicities for FSH, LH, and CgA. Smaller-sized (200 nm), electron-dense granules were immunoreactive exclusively for LH and SgII. The distinct localization of CgA and SgII to morphologically and hormonally different secretory granules indicates the existence of two regulated secretory pathways in rat pituitary gonadotrophs. Hence, these proteins are considered as valuable tools to analyze the intracellular trafficking during granule biogenesis and the possible different regulation of FSH and LH secretion.