Isolation of a hibernation inducing trigger(s) from the plasma of hibernating woodchucks.

Plasma from hibernating woodchucks was desalted utilizing a hollow fiber device having a M. W. cut-off of 5,000. This preparation was fractionated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a pH gradient extending from 3.5 to 10.0 resulting in protein components having isoelectric points (pIs) of 4.5, 5.2, 5.5, 6.3, and 7.0. Fraction I (comprised of proteins having pIs of 4.5 and 5.2) induced hibernation within 2 to 6 days in 8 out of 10 summer-active ground squirrels. Fraction II (pI 5.5) and Fraction III (pI 6.3 and 7.0) failed to induce any summer hibernation in 10 animal test groups at identical sample concentrations. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Fraction I indicated that albumin was a major constituent of this still heterogeneous preparation. Thus, in order to more clearly define the plasma locus of this hibernation inducing trigger(s) (HIT) molecule, whole plasma and/or Fraction I was fractionated by 3 distinct resolving techniques. These included sub-fractionation of Fraction I by isoelectric focusing utilizing a narrower pH gradient extending from 3.5 to 6.0, isotachophoresis of whole plasma and affinity chromatography of Fraction I and whole plasma. A total of 40 summer-active ground squirrels were injected and assayed for HIT activity with fractionated preparations derived by the three previously cited separation techniques. A total of 18 of these summer-active ground squirrels hibernated. However, a much more impressive figure is that 16 out of 21 animals hibernated when injected with resolved hibernating plasma fractions in which albumin was the predominant plasma protein. A total of 8 control animals were injected with vehicle and none of these hibernated.