Similarity of satilite DNA properties in the order Rodentia.

We have characterized satellite DNAs from 9 species of kangaroo rat (Dipodomys) and have shown that the HS-alpha and HS-beta satellites, where present, are nearly identical in all species as to melting transition midpoint (Tm), and density in neutral CsCl, alkaline CsCl, and Cs(2)SO(4)-Ag(+) gradients. However, the MS satellites exist in two internally similar classes. The satellite DNAs from three other rodents were characterized (densities listed are in neutral CsCl). The pocket gopher, Thomomysbottae, contains Th-alpha (1.713 g/ml) and Th-beta (1.703 g/ml). The guinea pig (Caviaporcellus) contains Ca-alpha, Ca-beta and Ca-gamma at densities of 1.706 g/ml, 1.704 g/ml and 1.704 g/ml, respectively. The antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilusharrisi) contains Am-alpha, 1.708 g/ml, Am-beta, 1.717 g/ml, and Am-gamma, 1.707 g/ml. The physical and chemical properties of the alpha-satellites from the above four rodents representing four different families in two suborders of Rodentia were compared. They show nearly identical Tm, nucleoside composition of single strands, and single strand densities in alkaline CsCl. Similar comparisons on the second or third satellite DNAs from these rodents also indicate a close relationship to each other. Thus the high degree of similarity of satellite sequences found in such a diverse group of rodents suggests a cellular function that is subject to natural selection, and implies that these sequences have been conserved over a considerable span of evolutionary time since the divergence of these rodents about 50 million years ago.