Genetic and metabolic controls for sulfate metabolism in Neurospora crassa: isolation and study of chromate-resistant and sulfate transport-negative mutants.

Mutants of Neurospora resistant to chromate were selected and all were found to map at a single genetic locus designated as cys-13. The chromate-resistant mutants grow at a wild-type rate on minimal media but are partially deficient in the transport of inorganic sulfate, especially during the conidial stage. An unlinked mutant, cys-14, is sensitive to chromate but transports sulfate during the mycelial stage at only 25% of the wild-type rate; cys-14 also grows at a fully wild-type rate on minimal media. The double-mutant strain, cys-13;cys-14, cannot utilize inorganic sulfate for growth and completely lacks the capacity to transport this anion. The only biochemical lesion that has been detected for the double-mutant strain is its loss in capacity for sulfate transport. Neurospora appears to possess two distinct sulfate permease species encoded by separate genetic loci. The transport system (permease I) encoded by cys-13 predominates in the conidial stage and is replaced by sulfate permease II, encoded by the cys-14 locus, during outgrowth into the mycelial phase. The relationship of these new mutants to cys-3, a regulatory gene that appears to control their expression, is discussed.