Binding of deoxyribonucleic acid by cell walls of transformable and nontransformable streptococci.

Cell walls isolated from competent streptococci (group H strain Challis) were shown to bind more homologous and heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) than noncompetent walls. Heat- and alkali-denatured DNA was not bound by either wall preparation. Pretreatment of cell walls with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide sharply increased the binding of DNA but did not increase transformation of whole cells. Pretreatment of the walls with either sodium dodecylsulfate, deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease, or with crude competence-provoking factor did not affect the binding of DNA. Antiserum prepared against whole competent cells completely blocked transformation and also inhibited DNA binding to competent cell walls. Adsorption of this antiserum with competent Challis cells removed its blocking action for both binding and transformation. Pretreatment of walls with trypsin and Pronase destroyed their ability to bind DNA. Trypsin treatment also blocked transformation in whole cells. The transforming activity of DNA bound to cell walls was found to be protected from deoxyribonuclease action. Significant differences were observed in the arginine, proline, and phenylalanine content of competent and noncompetent walls. With few exceptions, the amino acids released from competent cell walls by trypsin were several-fold greater than from noncompetent walls. The results indicate that (i) two binding sites exist, one in competent cells only and essential for subsequent transformation, and a second, present in all cells, which is not involved in transformation; (ii) both sites are protein in nature; (iii) the transformation site is blocked by antibody; and (iv) the competent cell wall possesses tryptic-sensitive protein not present in the noncompetent wall.