The plasma transport and metabolism of retinoic acid in the rat.

The transport of retinoic acid in plasma was examined in vitamin A-deficient rats maintained on small doses of radioactively labelled retinoic acid. After ultracentrifugation of serum adjusted to density 1.21, most of the radioactivity (83%) was associated with the proteins of density greater than 1.21, and not with the serum lipoproteins. Gel filtration of the labelled serum on Sephadex G-200 showed that the radioactive label was associated with protein in the molecular-weight range of serum albumin. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis almost all of the recovered radioactivity migrated with serum albumin. Similar esults were obtained with serum from a normal control rat given a single oral dose of [(14)C]retinoic acid. These findings indicate that retinoic acid is transported in rat serum bound to serum albumin, and not by retinol-binding protein (the specific transport protein for plasma retinol). Several tissues and the entire remaining carcase of each rat were extracted with ethanol-acetone to determine the tissue distribution of retinoic acid and some of its metabolites. The total recover of radioactive compounds in in the entire body of the rat was about 7-9mug, representing less than 5% or 10% respectively of the total administered label in the two dosage groups studied. The results confirm that retinoic acid is not stored in any tissue. Most of the radioactive material was found in the carcase, rather than in the specific tissues analysed. Two-thirds of the radioactivity in the carcase appeared to represent unchanged retinoic acid. Of the tissues examined, the liver, kidneys and intestine had relatively high concentrations of radioactive compounds, whereas the testes and fat-pads had the lowest concentrations.