Gene-enzyme relationships of aromatic acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.

Mutants have been isolated which correspond to every step concerned with the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids in Bacillus subtilis. Each mutant has been characterized, and the lesion it bore was analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid transformation and PBS-1 mediated transduction. The biochemical analysis revealed that each of the mutations appears to have affected a single enzyme, except for two groups of pleiotropic mutations. All aroF mutants (chorismic acid synthetase) lack dehydroquinic acid synthetase (aroB) activity. The gene that specifies aroB is closely linked to the gene coding for the aroF enzyme. Both genes are a part of the aro cluster. Mutants lacking chorismate mutase activity also lack d-arabino-heptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase and shikimate kinase activity, presumably as a result of these three activities forming a multi-enzyme complex. Another mutant, previously undescribed, had been isolated. The affected gene codes for the tyrosine and phenylalanine aminotransferase activity. All of the mutations have been located on the B. subtilis genome except those in the genes specifying shikimate kinase activity and tyrosine-phenylalanine aminotransferase activity.