Evaluation of various rapid agglutination methods for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.

A latex agglutination test (SeroSTAT Staph; Scott Laboratories, Fiskeville, R.I.) and two hemagglutination tests (Staphyloslide; BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.; and Hemastaph; Remel, Lenexa, Kans.) were compared with the slide coagulase (SC) and tube coagulase (TC) tests at room temperature (22 to 25 degrees C) and at 37 degrees C for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 380 clinical strains of staphylococci were tested. The TC test performed at room temperature yielded the largest number of TC-positive results (n = 239), and based on this observation 239 organisms were classified as S. aureus and 141 were classified as non-S. aureus. The SC, TC (37 degrees C), SeroSTAT Staph, Staphyloslide, and Hemastaph tests correctly identified 210 (87.9%), 221 (92.5%), 238 (99.6%), 239 (100%), and 236 (98.7%) of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. Of the S. aureus isolates that were TC positive at room temperature 68% required 24 h of incubation before coagulase production was detected. There was one false-negative SeroSTAT Staph result and one false-negative Hemastaph result. The Staphyloslide test yielded two noninterpretable results (both organisms were later confirmed as non-S. aureus), whereas there were six noninterpretable results recorded with the Hemastaph test (four organisms were classified as non-S. aureus, and two were classified as S. aureus). The SeroSTAT Staph, Staphyloslide, and Hemastaph tests were all more sensitive than the conventional SC and TC (37 degrees C) tests and were considerably more rapid than the TC test at either temperature.