Acoustic chiasm II: Anatomical basis of binaurality in lateral superior olive of cat.

The afferent projections to the lateral superior olive (LSO) were examined with horseradish peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate, 125I-wheat germ agglutinin and tritiated leucine autoradiograhy, anterograde axonal degeneration, and 14C-2-deoxyglucose methods. The pathway to the ipsilateral LSO orginates in the spherical cells in anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Although some of the fibers pass above the lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body, most pass below it and turn at right angles to enter the LSO either directly through its ventral, lateral, or dorsal borders, or through its ventral or dorsal hilus. They end in unpolarized terminal fields throughout the LSO. Most if not all of these fibers are true collaterals of axons continuing across the midline in the trapezoid body. Verifying Held's (1893) finding of a major direct projection from the cochlear nucleus to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MTB) and Rasmussen's ('46) finding of a major projection from the MTB to the LSO, the present results illustrate that this two-neuron pathway probably supplies all but a very small component of the relatively direct input to the LSO from the contralateral ear. This pathway originates in the globular cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus and relays mostly though not exclusively through the "principal cells" in the more rostral parts of the MTB. It terminates mostly in perisomal endings in unpolarized fields throughout the LSO, though most heavily within the (high frequency) medial and middle limbs and less heavily in the LSO's (low frequency) lateral limb. In addition to this indirect pathway, there is a small direct pathway to the contralateral LSO as suggested by Goldberg and Brown ('69) and Warr ('72, '82). This direct pathway to the contralateral LSO, like the direct ipsilateral pathway, probably originates in the spherical cell region of the ventral cochlear nucleus, crosses the midline in the trapezoid body, and terminates in a small circumscribed area within the LSO's ventromedial (high frequency) area. The 2-deoxyglucose method applied to cats in which the ipsilateral and contralateral pathways have been surgically isolated shows that each of the pathways converging on the LSO is topographically and tonotopically organized with the ipsilateral and the combined contralateral terminations in strict tonotopic register.