Dendritic Ca2+ responses in neonatal lateral superior olive neurons elicited by glycinergic/GABAergic synapses and action potentials.

During development, GABA/glycinergic connections from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) to the lateral superior olive (LSO) gradually change from being depolarizing to being hyperpolarizing. Previous studies have shown that depolarizing MNTB-LSO synapses can trigger action potentials and increase the concentration of intracellular calcium. In the present study we used confocal calcium imaging combined with whole-cell patch clamp recordings to investigate how depolarizing MNTB inputs in neonatal rats and mice increase the calcium concentration in the dendrites of LSO neurons. Our results show that subthreshold synaptic responses can elicit local dendritic calcium responses while suprathreshold responses reliably generate global calcium responses that are observed in all dendritic processes. The amplitude of global dendritic calcium responses increased with distance from the soma. Global calcium responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin and could not be recovered by somatic injection of action potential waveforms indicating that global calcium responses are generated by back-propagating sodium action potentials.