The effect of captopril on sodium appetite in adrenalectomized and deoxycorticosterone-treated rats.

Captopril caused a renin-dependent increase in water intake in rats with bilateral ureteric ligation. But despite the fluid retention and fall in osmolality caused by the increased water intake, rats with ureteric ligation did not drink the 2.7% NaCl also offered to them. In rats with a pre-existing increase in sodium appetite caused by adrenalectomy, low dosage of captopril augmented intake of both water and 2.7% NaCl whereas high dosage inhibited intake of both fluids after an initial increase in water intake. In contrast, rats with a pre-existing increase in sodium appetite caused by daily injections of deoxycorticosterone showed no changes in intake of water or 2.7% NaCl after either low or high dosage of captopril, though they drank both fluids after intracranial injection of angiotensin II. Increases in water and 2.7% NaCl intake caused by low dosage of captopril in adrenalectomized rats were not secondary to increased urinary fluid and electrolyte losses. Decreases in intake after high dosage were not explained by the rats being too weak to drink. Low and high dosage of captopril caused increases in plasma renin concentration in adrenalectomized rats, but in contrast renin remained undetectable in the plasma of deoxycorticosterone-treated rats after the highest dosage of captopril. Whether or not captopril affected a pre-existing sodium appetite depended on whether or not it increased plasma renin. Since it affected the pre-existing sodium appetite and plasma renin in the adrenalectomized rat but neither of these in the deoxycorticosterone-treated rat, it is likely that the appetite was renin-dependent in the former but not in the latter. Because captopril only affected thirst in the rat with ligated ureters whereas it affected both sodium appetite and thirst in the adrenalectomized rat, increases in renal renin secretion alone may not be enough to stimulate sodium appetite. The additional stimulus provided by adrenalectomy, or the absence of some inhibitory factor that may be present after ureteric ligation, is also needed.