Neonatal cardiac output measurement using pulsed Doppler ultrasound.

Recent developments in range-gated pulsed Doppler ultrasound velocimetry have offered a noninvasive technique for the quantitative measurement of blood flow and cardiac output that can be applied to the neonate and small infant. If used appropriately, pulsed Doppler ultrasound can be useful in clinical management of the ill neonate and can improve our understanding of cardiovascular physiology in both normal developmental and pathologic states.