Schistosoma japonicum: the pathology of experimental infection.

The pathology of experimental schistosomiasis japonica is reviewed and compared with the pathology of schistosomiasis japonica in man and to some aspects of schistosomiasis mansoni and schistosomiasis haematobia in experimental animals. The induction of granulomas around Schistosoma japonicum eggs depends upon cell mediated immunity, as do the reactions to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium eggs. However, the modulation of the reaction to S. japonicum eggs can be greatly influenced by antibody, while antibody has no effect on the granulomas around S. mansoni eggs. Adult worm pairs of S. japonicum tend to cluster in the mesenteric venules, and most eggs are laid in a few sites. This leads to large, focal intestinal lesions similar to the discrete lesions produced by S. haematobium in the intestine and urinary tract but in contrast to the widespread, diffuse lesions produced by S. mansoni. Comparison with S. japonicum infection in humans is limited chiefly by our scant knowledge of the pathology produced by S. japonicum in infected persons. Most such comparisons are, in any case, limited by the marked differences in the reactions of various experimental host species to the infection and by differences in the reaction of a given host species to different strains of the parasite.