Severin Donald Kamdem1,2,3, Francis Konhawa4, Erve Martial Kuemkon4, Leonel Meyo Kamguia4, Gladys K Tchanana4,5, Frungwa Nche6, Alim Oumarou7, Mamadou Hamza7, Yasmine Ouratou8, Mariette Nzoku Tcheutchoua8, René Ghislain Essomba4,9, Marie Paule Ngogang10, Michel Kengne4, Palmer Masumbe Netongo8,11, Bienvenu Etogo Ondigui9, Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou9, Frank Brombacher1,2,3,12, Justin Komguep Nono1,2,3,13. 1. Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa. 3. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, South African Medical Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa. 4. School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 5. CIAB EXACT Medical Laboratory, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 6. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 7. Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 8. Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 9. National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 10. LABOREB, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 11. Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 12. Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 13. The Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97-1.01), S. mansoni infected participants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = -0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97-1.01), S. mansoni infectedparticipants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = -0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
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