Membranous glomerulonephritis and hepatitis B surface antigen in children.

Of 33 children with membranous nephropathy screened for HBs Ag, 14 were found to be HBs Ag carriers, whereas HBs Ag was detected in 3 of 170 and 4 of 100 children with glomerular and nonglomerular kidney diseases, respectively. HBs Ag was often associated with acute hepatitis at onset (five patients) or with elevated transminases values. This high incidence and the prevalence of an unusual subtype (ayw2) suggest a relationship between HBs Ag and the glomerular lesions. Using immunofluorescence, however, HBs Ag could not be detected within the deposits, so that the nature of the relationship cannot be considered as established. The clinical outcome (50% remission), the plasma complement component disturbances, and findings by immunofluorescence did not differ from those observed in children with MGN without detectable HBs Ag.