Anaphylactic and allergic reactions during double-contrast studies: is glucagon or barium suspension the allergen?

The authors report three anaphylactic reactions and one allergic reaction during double-contrast studies using glucagon. Symptoms included hives, periorbital edema, and breathing difficulties. Studies performed were three double-contrast barium enemas and one double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series. Glucagon injection and/or an additive in barium suspension are suspected as the likely causes. The allergic potential of glucagon injection, which is not generally appreciated, is reviewed.