Reproducibility of goniometry of the wrist.

The wrist motion in 31 healthy probands was measured by four observers with a simple goniometer under standardized conditions. The INTRA-observer variation was calculated to 5 to 8 degrees and the INTER-observer variation to 6 to 10 degrees. No difference between experienced and non-experienced observers was found. The difference between the right and the left wrist was negligible, indicating that the opposite wrist can be used as reference when evaluating restrictions in motion.