Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint: Grisel's syndrome.

Grisel's syndrome is defined as subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint not associated with trauma or bone disease. Primarily an affliction of children, the disorder may occur in association with any condition that results in hyperemia and pathologic relaxation of the transverse ligament of the atlantoaxial joint, including several common otolaryngic entities. Grisel's syndrome has been noted infrequently in the otolaryngologic literature; this paper reports a case from West Virginia University Hospital of a 6-year-old boy with radiographic evidence of retropharyngeal cellulitis following meningitis progressing to atlantoaxial subluxation. Discussed are the pathophysiologic aspects of Grisel's syndrome with an anatomic explanation recently described to account for the syndrome.