Jasper Hans van Lieshout1, Bastian Malzkorn2, Hans-Jakob Steiger3, Cihat Karadag3, Marcel A Kamp4, Peter Vajkoczy5, Jürgen Beck6, Simone Peschillo7,8, Veit Rohde9, Daniel Walsh10, Vasiliy Lukshin11, Miikka Korja12, Marco Cenzato13, Andreas Raabe14, Andreas Gruber15, Daniel Hänggi3, H D Boogaarts16. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, Germany. Jasper.vanLieshout@med.uni-duesseldorf.de. 2. Medical Education, Office of the Deanery of the Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, Germany. 4. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany. 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 6. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. 7. Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" - Endovascular Neurosurgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. 8. Endovascular Neurosurgery, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, Tricase, LE, Italy. 9. Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. 10. Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK. 11. N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia. 12. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 13. Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. 14. Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 15. Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. 16. Department of Neurosurgery, Radboudumc Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent an assessment framework with an increased focus on competency-based assessment. Originally developed and adopted for undergraduate medical education, concerns over resident ability to practice effectively after graduation have led to its implementation in residency training but yet not in vascular neurosurgery. Subjective assessment of resident or fellow performance can be problematic, and thus, we aim to define core EPAs for neurosurgical vascular training. METHODS: We used a nominal group technique in a multistep interaction between a team of experienced neurovascular specialists and a medical educator to identify relevant EPAs. Panel members provided feedback on the EPAs until they reached consent. RESULTS: The process produced seven core procedural EPAs for vascular residency and fellowship training, non-complex aneurysm surgery, complex aneurysm surgery, bypass surgery, arteriovenous malformation resection, spinal dural fistula surgery, perioperative management, and clinical decision-making. CONCLUSION: These seven EPAs for vascular neurosurgical training may support and guide the neurosurgical society in the development and implementation of EPAs as an evaluation tool and incorporate entrustment decisions in their training programs.
BACKGROUND: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent an assessment framework with an increased focus on competency-based assessment. Originally developed and adopted for undergraduate medical education, concerns over resident ability to practice effectively after graduation have led to its implementation in residency training but yet not in vascular neurosurgery. Subjective assessment of resident or fellow performance can be problematic, and thus, we aim to define core EPAs for neurosurgical vascular training. METHODS: We used a nominal group technique in a multistep interaction between a team of experienced neurovascular specialists and a medical educator to identify relevant EPAs. Panel members provided feedback on the EPAs until they reached consent. RESULTS: The process produced seven core procedural EPAs for vascular residency and fellowship training, non-complex aneurysm surgery, complex aneurysm surgery, bypass surgery, arteriovenous malformation resection, spinal dural fistula surgery, perioperative management, and clinical decision-making. CONCLUSION: These seven EPAs for vascular neurosurgical training may support and guide the neurosurgical society in the development and implementation of EPAs as an evaluation tool and incorporate entrustment decisions in their training programs.
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