| Literature DB >> 36238914 |
Abstract
The radiation emitted during radiological examinations can be harmful to the human body, but the technique is still used because it is helpful to the patient. Therefore, radiologic examinations must follow radiation protection principles such as justification and optimization, and only minimal required re-examinations should be performed. Proper use of radiation in the medical field can be achieved by proper education of individuals from multiple medical fields. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2022 PMID: 36238914 PMCID: PMC9514582 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0092
Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Korean Soc Radiol ISSN: 2951-0805
The Reason for Repeated Radiologic Examination
| Answer | X-Ray Examination (%) | CT Examination (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Poor image quality | 56 (53.7) | 77 (55.2) |
| Change of patient condtion | 60 (76.0) | 58 (49.0) |
| Not wanted protocol | 25 (46.9) | 57 (34.0) |
| Suboptimal preoperative evaluation | 15 (8.6) | 27 (17.4) |
| No report | 7 (8.0) | 7 (5.8) |
| Not believable due to outside image | 5 (2.9) | 7 (5.0) |
| Clinical trial | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) |
| Other | 7 (4.0) | 7 (5.8) |
| Total | 175 (196.0) | 241 (173.4) |
Adapted from Kim et al. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service; 2013 (6).
Number of Radiation Related Workers by Year
| Group | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographer | 24756 | 25797 | 26991 | 28476 | 29668 |
| Doctor | 17292 | 18251 | 19539 | 20539 | 21667 |
| Dentist | 17111 | 17769 | 18248 | 18950 | 19110 |
| Dental hygienist | 10086 | 10791 | 11452 | 11897 | 11916 |
| Radiologist | 1643 | 1757 | 1835 | 2271 | 2315 |
| Nurse | 6819 | 7441 | 8374 | 9382 | 10075 |
| Nursing assistant | 1406 | 1491 | 1594 | 1807 | 1841 |
| Work assistant | 235 | 211 | 206 | 240 | 242 |
| Others | 765 | 765 | 786 | 813 | 867 |
| Total | 80115 | 84273 | 89025 | 94375 | 97801 |
Adapted from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2021 (8).
Trend of Annual Radiation Exposure Dose by Group (unit: mSv)
| Group | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographer | 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.86 |
| Doctor | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.29 |
| Dentist | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
| Dental hygienist | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Radiologist | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.21 |
| Nurse | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| Nursing assistant | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.24 |
| Work assistant | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| Others | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.19 |
| Total | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.40 |
Adapted from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2021 (8).
Number of Alert Alarm (5 mSv per 3 months)
| Group | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographer | 549 (24765)* | 546 (25797) | 543 (26991) | 587 (28476) | 560 (29668) |
| (2.2)† | (2.1) | (2.0) | (2.1) | (1.9) | |
| Doctor | 118 (17292) | 100 (18251) | 103 (19539) | 135 (20539) | 119 (21667) |
| (0.7) | (0.5) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.5) | |
| Dentist | 12 (17111) | 8 (17769) | 15 (18248) | 7 (18950) | 8 (19210) |
| (0.1) | (0.0) | (0.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | |
| Dental hygienist | 6 (10086) | 3 (10791) | 5 (11452) | 9 (11897) | 4 (11916) |
| (0.1) | (0.0) | (0.0) | (0.1) | (0.0) | |
| Radiologist | 3 (1643) | 9 (1757) | 13 (1835) | 8 (2271) | 8 (2315) |
| (0.2) | (0.5) | (0.7) | (0.4) | (0.3) | |
| Nurse | 8 (6819) | 6 (7441) | 9 (8374) | 16 (9382) | 7 (10075) |
| (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.1) | (0.2) | (0.1) | |
| Nursing assistant | 5 (1408) | 7 (1491) | 4 (1,594) | 6 (1807) | 2 (1841) |
| (0.4) | (0.5) | (0.3) | (0.3) | (0.1) | |
| Work assistant | 0 (235) | 1 (211) | 1 (206) | 0 (240) | 1 (242) |
| (0.0) | (0.1) | (0.5) | (0.0) | (0.4) | |
| Others | 2 (765) | 0 (765) | 6 (786) | 2 (813) | 0 (867) |
| (0.3) | (0.0) | (0.8) | (0.2) | (0.0) | |
| Total | 703 (80115) | 680 (84273) | 699 (89025) | 770 (94375) | 709 (97801) |
| (0.9) | (0.8) | (0.8) | (0.8) | (0.7) |
Adapted from Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2021 (8).
*Number of overexposure personnel (total number of group).
†Percentage of over exposure.
Reason of Overexposure of Radiation Worker During 2015–2017
| Group | Patient Support | Examination Practive | Open Door | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 39 | 4 | 3 | 46 |
| Percentage | 84.8 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 100 |
Adapted from Gil. Korea Safe Imaging; 2018 (10).
Curriculum of Radiation Protection in Korean Medical School
| Curriculum | Number of University |
| Total response | 8 |
| Physics | 6 |
| Radiation and cancer | 7 |
| Radiation and pregnancy | 7 |
| Medical imaging request guidelines | 2 |
| Radiation protection of patients | 8 |
| Radiation protection of workers | 6 |
| Included in training | 4 |
| Time to actually see the X-ray equipment | 4 |
Adapted from Jung et al. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2019 (9).