| Literature DB >> 36238885 |
Young Hun Jeon, Kyung Sik Yi, Chi Hoon Choi, Yook Kim, Yeong Tae Park.
Abstract
Central venous stenosis is a relatively common complication in hemodialysis patients; however, jugular venous reflux (JVR) and increased intracranial pressure are rare, and associated progressive visual disturbance was reported in only a few cases. Here, we report a case of JVR with visual disturbance and increased intracranial pressure. Notably, the MRI was accompanied by a dilatation of the superior ophthalmic vein, which was mistaken for a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSdAVF). The patient had JVR on time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) and severe stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein on conventional angiography. After balloon angioplasty for central venous stenosis, he was discharged after improvement of his visual disturbance. Although JVR due to central venous stenosis and CSdAVF might show similar symptoms, treatment plans are different. Therefore, it is important to distinguish radiologically based on a thorough review of MRI and TOF-MRA and confirm the central venous stenosis on cerebral angiography for the accurate diagnosis. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2021 PMID: 36238885 PMCID: PMC9431976 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2021.0059
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Fig. 1The case of a 50-year-old male with severe stenosis of the left brachiocephalic vein mimicking left cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula.
A. Axial T2-weighted images show a dilatation of the left superior ophthalmic vein (arrowhead) and T2 hyperintensity at the jugular bulb (arrow) due to hemostasis.
B. Axial source images of TOF-MRA show hyperintensities (arrowheads) in the left jugular bulb, sigmoid sinus, transverse sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, pterygoid venous plexus, sphenoparietal sinus, and superior ophthalmic vein. Three-dimensional TOF-MRA (left lower) shows hyperintensity in the left internal jugular vein (arrow), sigmoid sinus, and transverse sinus, which is degraded in the caudocranial direction.
TOF-MRA = time-of-flight MR angiography
C. AP and lateral images of the left common carotid artery angiography show venous drainage into the right jugular vein (arrowheads) from the right transverse-sigmoid sinuses, left facial vein from the left superior ophthalmic vein (arrows), and other collaterals on the venous phase.
D. AP images of the left subclavian artery angiography show severe stenosis at the left brachiocephalic vein (arrow) and multiple collaterals on the venous phase. Retrograde venous flow is identified from the left internal jugular vein to the right internal jugular vein (arrowheads).
AP = anterior-posterior
E. Balloon angioplasty was performed at the stenotic portion of the left brachiocephalic vein, and postprocedural venography shows a relief of stenosis (arrow) and loss of retrograde venous flow.