| Literature DB >> 36226199 |
Joana Gomes da Silva1,2, Mário Baptista1, Bruno Direito-Santos1,3,4,5, Pedro Varanda1,3,4,5, Rui M Duarte1,3,4,5.
Abstract
Objectives The present study aims to characterize the spinal balance (SB) in young adults with Schmorl nodes (SN). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 47 young adults. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to divide the patients into an SN group and a control group. Standing full spine radiographs were used to compare the spinopelvic SB parameters between groups: sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Results The LL and SS values were significantly lower in patients with SN when compared with the control group (54.5° versus 64.3°; 36.2° versus 41.4°, respectively). No significant differences were observed for the other parameters. Significant correlations were found in both groups between LL and SS; PI and PT; and PI and SS. Conclusions Young adults with SN have associated SB modifications, particularly lower LL and SS values, when compared with a control group. This flatter profile resembles that observed in patients with lower back pain and early disc pathology. We believe that SNs are relevant clinical findings that should prompt the study of the SB of a patient, as it may uncover variations associated with early disc degeneration. Level of Evidence III. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: lordosis; lumbar vertebrae; spinal fusion; young adult
Year: 2022 PMID: 36226199 PMCID: PMC9550371 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744501
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Example of a patient with Schmorl nodes, seen in magnetic resonance imaging ( left ); measurement of the spinal and pelvic parameters on a lateral standing full-spine radiograph ( right ).
Comparison of demographic data between groups
| SN group | Control group |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years old)
| 28.1 (6.7) | 28.3 (7.7) | 0.935 |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
| 21.8 (7.1) | 23.8 (3.7) | 0.332 |
| Gender (females) |
66.7% (
|
76.9% (
| 0.435 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; SN, Schmorl nodes.
Mean (SD) for age and BMI.
Comparison of sagittal balance parameters between groups
| Measure | SN group | Control group |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| SVA | - 33.1° (28.3) | - 40.3° (24.1) | 0.363 |
| TK | 25.3° (11.3) | 32.6° (6.1) | 0.096 |
| LL | 54.5° (8.2) | 64.3° (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| PI | 46.5° (12.5) | 51.4° (9.1) | 0.143 |
| PT | 11.9° (7.1) | 10.0° (5.5) | 0.335 |
| SS | 36.2° (7.7) | 41.4° (6.1) | 0.016 |
Abbreviations: LL, lumbar lordosis; PI, pelvic incidence; PT, pelvic tilt; SD, standard deviation; SN, Schmorl nodes; SS, sacral slope; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; TK, thoracic kyphosis.
Mean (SD) values in degrees for all parameters.
Fig. 2Representation of sagittal balance parameters in the control versus SN groups. Lumbar lordosis and sacral slope were significantly different between groups. SN – Schmorl nodes, SVA – sagittal vertical axis, TK – thoracic kyphosis, LL – lumbar lordosis, PI – pelvic incidence, PT – pelvic tilt, SS – sacral slope.
Fig. 1Exemplo de paciente com nódulos de Schmorl à ressonância magnética ( esquerda ); medida dos parâmetros da coluna vertebral e pélvica em uma radiografia lateral da coluna vertebral em pé ( direita ).
Comparação de dados demográficos entre grupos
| Grupo NS | Grupo controle |
| |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Idade (anos)
| 28,1 (6,7) | 28,3 (7,7) | 0,935 |
|
IMC (kg/m
2
)
| 21,8 (7,1) | 23,8 (3,7) | 0,332 |
| Gênero (feminino) |
66,7% (
|
76,9% (
| 0,435 |
Abreviações: IMC, índice de massa corporal; DP, desvio padrão; NS, nódulos de Schmorl.
Média (DP) para idade e IMC.
Comparação de parâmetros de equilíbrio sagital entre grupos
| Medida | Grupo NS | Grupo controle |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| SVA | - 33,1° (28,3) | - 40,3° (24,1) | 0,363 |
| TK | 25,3° (11,3) | 32,6° (6,1) | 0,096 |
| LL | 54,5° (8,2) | 64,3° (8,2) | < 0,001 |
| PI | 46,5° (12,5) | 51,4° (9,1) | 0,143 |
| PT | 11,9° (7,1) | 10,0° (5,5) | 0,335 |
| SS | 36,2° (7,7) | 41,4° (6,1) | 0,016 |
Abreviações: LL, Lordose lombar; PI, incidência pélvica; PT, inclinação pélvica; DP, desvio padrão; NS, nódulos de Schmorl; SS, inclinação sacral; SVA, eixo vertical sagital; TK, cifose torácica.
Os valores de média (DP) de todos os parâmetros são em graus.
Fig. 2Representação dos parâmetros de equilíbrio sagital no grupo controle e no grupo com nódulos de Schmorl (NS). A lordose lombar e a inclinação sacral foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. SVA, Eixo vertical sagital; TK, cifose torácica; LL, lordose lombar; PI, incidência pélvica; PT, inclinação pélvica; SS, inclinação sacral.