Jiancheng Ye1, Zhimei Ren2. 1. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 2. Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the association of sex, and the joint association of sex and the COVID-19 pandemic with health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health. Materials and Methods: We drew data from the National Cancer Institute's 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. We described and compared the characteristics of social determinants of health, physical activity, mental health, alcohol use, patterns of social networking service use, and health information data sharing. Analyses were weighted to provide nationally representative estimates. Multivariate models (multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and multinomial logistic model) were used to assess the sole and joint association with sex and pandemic. In addition, we applied the Bonferroni correction to adjust P values to decrease the risks of type I errors when making multiple statistical tests. Results: Females were more likely to use mobile health and health communication technologies than males, and the difference increased after the pandemic. The association between sex and mental health was significant after the COVID-19 pandemic. Females were more likely to experience depression or anxiety disorders. Both males and females had a slight decrease in terms of the quantity and intensity of physical activity and females were less likely to perform moderate exercise and strength training regularly. Males were likely to drink more alcohol than females. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic amplifies the differences between males and females in health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health. Intersectional analyses of sex are integral to addressing issues that arise and mitigating the exacerbation of inequities. Responses to the pandemic should consider diverse perspectives, including sex and gender.
Objective: To examine the association of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the association of sex, and the joint association of sex and the COVID-19 pandemic with health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health. Materials and Methods: We drew data from the National Cancer Institute's 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. We described and compared the characteristics of social determinants of health, physical activity, mental health, alcohol use, patterns of social networking service use, and health information data sharing. Analyses were weighted to provide nationally representative estimates. Multivariate models (multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and multinomial logistic model) were used to assess the sole and joint association with sex and pandemic. In addition, we applied the Bonferroni correction to adjust P values to decrease the risks of type I errors when making multiple statistical tests. Results: Females were more likely to use mobile health and health communication technologies than males, and the difference increased after the pandemic. The association between sex and mental health was significant after the COVID-19 pandemic. Females were more likely to experience depression or anxiety disorders. Both males and females had a slight decrease in terms of the quantity and intensity of physical activity and females were less likely to perform moderate exercise and strength training regularly. Males were likely to drink more alcohol than females. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic amplifies the differences between males and females in health communication, physical activity, mental health, and behavioral health. Intersectional analyses of sex are integral to addressing issues that arise and mitigating the exacerbation of inequities. Responses to the pandemic should consider diverse perspectives, including sex and gender.
Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemic; health disparity; health impact; multiple hypothesis testing; multivariate model; patient-generated health data; sex differences
Authors: Jiancheng Ye; Renwen Zhang; Jennifer E Bannon; Ann A Wang; Theresa L Walunas; Abel N Kho; Nicholas D Soulakis Journal: J Am Board Fam Med Date: 2020 Sep-Oct Impact factor: 2.657
Authors: Deborah Bartz; Tanuja Chitnis; Ursula B Kaiser; Janet W Rich-Edwards; Kathryn M Rexrode; Page B Pennell; Jill M Goldstein; Mary Angela O'Neal; Meryl LeBoff; Maya Behn; Ellen W Seely; Hadine Joffe; JoAnn E Manson Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2020-04-01 Impact factor: 21.873